1.0
This commit is contained in:
424
Core/Src/motor.c
424
Core/Src/motor.c
@@ -1,200 +1,330 @@
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#include "motor.h"
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#include "tim.h" // 必须包含此文件以使用 htim1, htim2 等外部句柄
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#include <stdbool.h>
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include "tim.h"
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/*
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* 这个文件负责两件事:
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* 1) 把 LADRC 输出的有符号控制量,转换成 H 桥两路 PWM
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* 2) 读取四路编码器,得到实时 RPM,并累加成供 CAN 上传的里程计增量
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*
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* 约定:
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* - 上层统一把“车体前进”视为正方向
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* - 由于左右电机安装方向镜像,左侧电机的硬件方向需要在底层翻转
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*/
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/* ================== 全局静态变量 ================== */
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// 存储四个电机上一次的定时器计数值
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static uint16_t last_count[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
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// 存储四个电机的实时转速 (RPM)
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static float current_rpm[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
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// 存储供 CAN 上传的里程计脉冲累加值
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static int16_t can_delta_ticks[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
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/* ================== 函 数 实 现 ================== */
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static uint16_t s_last_count[4] = {0U, 0U, 0U, 0U};
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static volatile float s_current_rpm[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
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static volatile int32_t s_odom_acc_ticks[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
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/* ================== 内部辅助函数声明 ================== */
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static inline void Motor_WriteBridge(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim,
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uint32_t channel_in1,
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uint32_t channel_in2,
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uint16_t pwm_in1,
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uint16_t pwm_in2);
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static void Motor_PrimeEncoderCounters(void);
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static uint16_t Motor_ClampAbsToPwm(int32_t value);
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static int16_t Motor_SaturateToI16(int32_t value);
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/**
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* @brief 启动所有的底层定时器通道
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* @brief 给 H 桥两路输入分别写入 PWM。
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* @note AT8236 方向约定:
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* - 正转:IN1 = PWM,IN2 = 0
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* - 反转:IN1 = 0, IN2 = PWM
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*/
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static inline void Motor_WriteBridge(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim,
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uint32_t channel_in1,
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uint32_t channel_in2,
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uint16_t pwm_in1,
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uint16_t pwm_in2)
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{
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(htim, channel_in1, pwm_in1);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(htim, channel_in2, pwm_in2);
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}
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/**
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* @brief 把任意有符号数限幅并取绝对值,转换成 PWM 占空比。
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*/
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static uint16_t Motor_ClampAbsToPwm(int32_t value)
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{
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if (value > PWM_LIMIT)
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{
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value = PWM_LIMIT;
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}
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else if (value < -PWM_LIMIT)
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{
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value = -PWM_LIMIT;
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}
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if (value < 0)
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{
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value = -value;
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}
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return (uint16_t)value;
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}
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/**
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* @brief int32 饱和到 int16,防止 CAN 打包时溢出回绕。
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*/
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static int16_t Motor_SaturateToI16(int32_t value)
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{
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if (value > 32767)
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{
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return 32767;
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}
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if (value < -32768)
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{
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return -32768;
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}
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return (int16_t)value;
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}
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/**
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* @brief 在编码器启动后,用当前计数值作为初值。
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* @note 这样可以避免“last_count 初始为 0”导致首个控制周期出现巨大假速度。
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*/
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static void Motor_PrimeEncoderCounters(void)
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{
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s_last_count[MOTOR_FL] = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim5);
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s_last_count[MOTOR_RL] = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim3);
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s_last_count[MOTOR_FR] = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim4);
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s_last_count[MOTOR_RR] = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim1);
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}
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/**
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* @brief 启动所有 PWM 和编码器接口。
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*/
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void Motor_Init(void)
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{
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// 1. 启动左侧电机 PWM (FL使用TIM2, RL使用TIM9)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3); // FL_IN1 (PA2)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_4); // FL_IN2 (PA3)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_1); // RL_IN1 (PE5)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_2); // RL_IN2 (PE6)
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uint32_t primask = __get_PRIMASK();
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// 2. 启动右侧电机 PWM (全部使用TIM8)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_1); // FR_IN1 (PC6)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_2); // FR_IN2 (PC7)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_3); // RR_IN1 (PC8)
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HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_4); // RR_IN2 (PC9)
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_4) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_3) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_4) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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// 3. 启动所有编码器接口
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HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim5, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL); // 左上 FL (PA0, PA1)
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HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL); // 左下 RL (PA6, PA7)
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HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL); // 右上 FR (PD12, PD13)
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HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL); // 右下 RR (PE9, PE11)
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if (HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim5, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim3, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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if (HAL_TIM_Encoder_Start(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_ALL) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); }
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/* 启动完成后,把输出和测速状态清零。 */
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Motor_Brake_All();
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Motor_PrimeEncoderCounters();
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__disable_irq();
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s_current_rpm[MOTOR_FL] = 0.0f;
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s_current_rpm[MOTOR_RL] = 0.0f;
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s_current_rpm[MOTOR_FR] = 0.0f;
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s_current_rpm[MOTOR_RR] = 0.0f;
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s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FL] = 0;
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s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RL] = 0;
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s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FR] = 0;
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s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RR] = 0;
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__set_PRIMASK(primask);
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}
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/**
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* @brief 将有符号的控制量转化为 AT8236 的双路输入占空比
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* @param id: 电机编号 (MOTOR_FL, MOTOR_RL, MOTOR_FR, MOTOR_RR)
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* @param control_out: 闭环算法的输出控制量 (-PWM_LIMIT ~ +PWM_LIMIT)
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* @brief 把有符号控制量转换为电机驱动输出。
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* @param id 电机编号
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* @param control_out 上层控制量,正值表示“希望车体前进”
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* @note
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* 1) 这里先按“车体坐标系”理解 control_out。
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* 2) 左侧电机由于安装镜像,硬件方向要翻转一次。
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* 3) 变量 forward 的语义始终保持一致:
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* true -> IN1 = PWM, IN2 = 0
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* false -> IN1 = 0, IN2 = PWM
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*/
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void Set_Motor_Output(Motor_ID_t id, int16_t control_out)
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{
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/* ======================================================================
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* 【物理镜像校准 - 输出层】
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* 现象:右侧电机正转(顺时针)时车体向前;左侧电机必须反转(逆时针)车体才向前。
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* 处理:当上层算法要求车体"向前"(即 control_out 为正)时,
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* 我们需要在底层强行把左侧电机的指令反相,让它驱动电机逆时针转。
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* ====================================================================== */
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if (id == MOTOR_FL || id == MOTOR_RL) {
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control_out = -control_out;
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}
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int32_t hw_command = (int32_t)control_out;
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bool forward;
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uint16_t pwm_val;
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// 1. 限幅保护(防止算法计算溢出导致小车失控疯狂加速)
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if(control_out > PWM_LIMIT) control_out = PWM_LIMIT;
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if(control_out < -PWM_LIMIT) control_out = -PWM_LIMIT;
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// 2. 解析正反转与实际需要设置的 PWM 数值
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// AT8236 逻辑: 正转 -> IN1 = PWM, IN2 = 0 ; 反转 -> IN1 = 0, IN2 = PWM
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uint16_t pwm_val = 0;
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uint8_t dir = 0; // 1为正转,0为反转
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if(control_out >= 0) {
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dir = 0;
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pwm_val = control_out;
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} else {
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dir = 1;
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pwm_val = -control_out; // 取绝对值
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}
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// 3. 执行输出 (使用直接写寄存器宏,高频调用效率极高)
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switch(id)
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/* 左侧硬件方向镜像:同样的“车体前进”命令,左轮需要反向转。 */
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if ((id == MOTOR_FL) || (id == MOTOR_RL))
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{
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case MOTOR_FL: // 左上: TIM2_CH3, TIM2_CH4
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if(dir) {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, pwm_val);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 0);
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} else {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, 0);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_4, pwm_val);
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hw_command = -hw_command;
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}
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forward = (hw_command >= 0);
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pwm_val = Motor_ClampAbsToPwm(hw_command);
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switch (id)
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{
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case MOTOR_FL:
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if (forward)
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_CHANNEL_4, pwm_val, 0U);
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}
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else
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 0U, pwm_val);
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}
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break;
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case MOTOR_RL: // 左下: TIM9_CH1, TIM9_CH2
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if(dir) {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_1, pwm_val);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_2, 0);
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} else {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 0);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_2, pwm_val);
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case MOTOR_RL:
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if (forward)
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_1, TIM_CHANNEL_2, pwm_val, 0U);
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}
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else
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_1, TIM_CHANNEL_2, 0U, pwm_val);
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}
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break;
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case MOTOR_FR: // 右上: TIM8_CH1, TIM8_CH2
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if(dir) {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_1, pwm_val);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_2, 0);
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} else {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_1, 0);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_2, pwm_val);
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case MOTOR_FR:
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if (forward)
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_1, TIM_CHANNEL_2, pwm_val, 0U);
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}
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else
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_1, TIM_CHANNEL_2, 0U, pwm_val);
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}
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break;
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case MOTOR_RR: // 右下: TIM8_CH3, TIM8_CH4
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if(dir) {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_3, pwm_val);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 0);
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} else {
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_3, 0);
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__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_4, pwm_val);
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case MOTOR_RR:
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if (forward)
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_CHANNEL_4, pwm_val, 0U);
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}
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else
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{
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 0U, pwm_val);
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}
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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}
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/**
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* @brief 紧急制动所有电机
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* @brief 停止四个电机输出。
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* @note 这里使用“两个方向脚都置 0”的空转停车方式。
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* 如果你的驱动板支持真正的短刹车,并且你确认接线与驱动逻辑,
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* 可以单独再加一个 Brake 模式。
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*/
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void Motor_Brake_All(void)
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{
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Set_Motor_Output(MOTOR_FL, 0);
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Set_Motor_Output(MOTOR_RL, 0);
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Set_Motor_Output(MOTOR_FR, 0);
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Set_Motor_Output(MOTOR_RR, 0);
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 0U, 0U);
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim9, TIM_CHANNEL_1, TIM_CHANNEL_2, 0U, 0U);
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_1, TIM_CHANNEL_2, 0U, 0U);
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Motor_WriteBridge(&htim8, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_CHANNEL_4, 0U, 0U);
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}
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/**
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* @brief 读取编码器脉冲并计算实时转速 (RPM)
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* @param dt_s: 两次调用此函数的时间间隔 (单位:秒)
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* @brief 读取编码器脉冲并更新实时转速。
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* @param dt_s 控制周期,单位秒,例如 10ms 就传 0.01f
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* @note
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* - 利用 int16_t 差分天然处理 16 位编码器计数器回绕
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* - 左侧编码器输入在这里反相,保证上层统一把“车体前进”看成正 RPM
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*/
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void Motor_Update_RPM(float dt_s)
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{
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// 如果传入的时间间隔非法(比如0),直接返回防止除以0导致硬件错误
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if(dt_s <= 0.0f) return;
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// 1. 获取当前四个编码器定时器的原始计数值
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uint16_t curr_count_FL = __HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim5);
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uint16_t curr_count_RL = __HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim3);
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uint16_t curr_count_FR = __HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim4);
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uint16_t curr_count_RR = __HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim1);
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// 2. 计算脉冲增量 (int16_t 强转自动处理 0~65535 溢出跳变)
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uint16_t curr_count_fl;
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uint16_t curr_count_rl;
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uint16_t curr_count_fr;
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uint16_t curr_count_rr;
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int16_t delta[4];
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delta[MOTOR_FL] = (int16_t)(curr_count_FL - last_count[MOTOR_FL]);
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delta[MOTOR_RL] = (int16_t)(curr_count_RL - last_count[MOTOR_RL]);
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delta[MOTOR_FR] = (int16_t)(curr_count_FR - last_count[MOTOR_FR]);
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delta[MOTOR_RR] = (int16_t)(curr_count_RR - last_count[MOTOR_RR]);
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float rpm_scale;
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// 3. 更新上次计数值,为下一次计算做准备
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last_count[MOTOR_FL] = curr_count_FL;
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last_count[MOTOR_RL] = curr_count_RL;
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last_count[MOTOR_FR] = curr_count_FR;
|
||||
last_count[MOTOR_RR] = curr_count_RR;
|
||||
|
||||
/* ======================================================================
|
||||
* 【物理镜像校准 - 输入层】
|
||||
* 现象:当车体整体向前移动时,右侧产生正脉冲,而左侧产生负脉冲。
|
||||
* 处理:为了让算法层统一认为 "向前走算出的 RPM 就是正数",
|
||||
* 我们必须在这里将左侧电机的脉冲增量强制取反!
|
||||
* ====================================================================== */
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_FL] = -delta[MOTOR_FL];
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_RL] = -delta[MOTOR_RL];
|
||||
// 将校准后的增量累加进 CAN 发送缓冲区
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_FL] += delta[MOTOR_FL];
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_RL] += delta[MOTOR_RL];
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_FR] += delta[MOTOR_FR];
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_RR] += delta[MOTOR_RR];
|
||||
// 4. 计算转速 RPM (转/分钟)
|
||||
// 公式: (脉冲增量 / 一圈总脉冲) / 时间周期(秒) * 60 = RPM
|
||||
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
|
||||
if (dt_s <= 0.0f)
|
||||
{
|
||||
current_rpm[i] = ((float)delta[i] / PULSES_PER_REV) / dt_s * 60.0f;
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
curr_count_fl = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim5);
|
||||
curr_count_rl = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim3);
|
||||
curr_count_fr = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim4);
|
||||
curr_count_rr = (uint16_t)__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim1);
|
||||
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_FL] = (int16_t)(curr_count_fl - s_last_count[MOTOR_FL]);
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_RL] = (int16_t)(curr_count_rl - s_last_count[MOTOR_RL]);
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_FR] = (int16_t)(curr_count_fr - s_last_count[MOTOR_FR]);
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_RR] = (int16_t)(curr_count_rr - s_last_count[MOTOR_RR]);
|
||||
|
||||
s_last_count[MOTOR_FL] = curr_count_fl;
|
||||
s_last_count[MOTOR_RL] = curr_count_rl;
|
||||
s_last_count[MOTOR_FR] = curr_count_fr;
|
||||
s_last_count[MOTOR_RR] = curr_count_rr;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 左侧输入镜像修正:让“车体前进”统一表现为正脉冲 / 正 RPM。 */
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_FL] = (int16_t)(-delta[MOTOR_FL]);
|
||||
delta[MOTOR_RL] = (int16_t)(-delta[MOTOR_RL]);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 用 32 位内部累加,避免偶发高速度时 16 位回绕。 */
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FL] += delta[MOTOR_FL];
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RL] += delta[MOTOR_RL];
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FR] += delta[MOTOR_FR];
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RR] += delta[MOTOR_RR];
|
||||
|
||||
rpm_scale = 60.0f / ((float)PULSES_PER_REV * dt_s);
|
||||
s_current_rpm[MOTOR_FL] = (float)delta[MOTOR_FL] * rpm_scale;
|
||||
s_current_rpm[MOTOR_RL] = (float)delta[MOTOR_RL] * rpm_scale;
|
||||
s_current_rpm[MOTOR_FR] = (float)delta[MOTOR_FR] * rpm_scale;
|
||||
s_current_rpm[MOTOR_RR] = (float)delta[MOTOR_RR] * rpm_scale;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* @brief 对外提供的统一数据读取接口
|
||||
* @param id: 电机编号
|
||||
* @retval 实际物理转速
|
||||
* @brief 获取某个电机的实时 RPM。
|
||||
*/
|
||||
float Get_Motor_RPM(Motor_ID_t id)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return current_rpm[id];
|
||||
}
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* @brief 供 CAN 任务提取里程计增量,提取后自动清零
|
||||
*/
|
||||
void Motor_Get_And_Clear_Delta_Ticks(int16_t* d_fl, int16_t* d_rl, int16_t* d_fr, int16_t* d_rr)
|
||||
{
|
||||
*d_fl = can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_FL];
|
||||
*d_rl = can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_RL];
|
||||
*d_fr = can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_FR];
|
||||
*d_rr = can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_RR];
|
||||
if ((id < MOTOR_FL) || (id > MOTOR_RR))
|
||||
{
|
||||
return 0.0f;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 清零,为下一个周期重新累加
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_FL] = 0;
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_RL] = 0;
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_FR] = 0;
|
||||
can_delta_ticks[MOTOR_RR] = 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return s_current_rpm[id];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* @brief 读取并清空供 CAN 上传的里程计增量。
|
||||
* @note 这个函数会被主循环调用,而累加动作发生在 10ms 中断里,
|
||||
* 所以“读取 + 清零”必须放在同一个临界区,避免丢计数。
|
||||
*/
|
||||
void Motor_Get_And_Clear_Delta_Ticks(int16_t *d_fl, int16_t *d_rl, int16_t *d_fr, int16_t *d_rr)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int32_t fl;
|
||||
int32_t rl;
|
||||
int32_t fr;
|
||||
int32_t rr;
|
||||
uint32_t primask;
|
||||
|
||||
if ((d_fl == NULL) || (d_rl == NULL) || (d_fr == NULL) || (d_rr == NULL))
|
||||
{
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
primask = __get_PRIMASK();
|
||||
__disable_irq();
|
||||
|
||||
fl = s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FL];
|
||||
rl = s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RL];
|
||||
fr = s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FR];
|
||||
rr = s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RR];
|
||||
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FL] = 0;
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RL] = 0;
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_FR] = 0;
|
||||
s_odom_acc_ticks[MOTOR_RR] = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
__set_PRIMASK(primask);
|
||||
|
||||
*d_fl = Motor_SaturateToI16(fl);
|
||||
*d_rl = Motor_SaturateToI16(rl);
|
||||
*d_fr = Motor_SaturateToI16(fr);
|
||||
*d_rr = Motor_SaturateToI16(rr);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user